The 2000 NEHRP Recommended Provisions
For New Buildings And Other Structures
Part 2: Commentary (FEMA 369)
TABLE OF CONTENTS
(click links below
for PDF files)
INTRODUCTION
ERRATA (March 1, 2002)
Chapter 1 Commentary, GENERAL PROVISIONS
1.1 PURPOSE
1.2 SCOPE AND APPLICATION
1.2.1 Scope
1.2.2 Additions
1.2.3 Change of Use
1.2.4 Alterations
1.2.5 Alternate Materials and Alternate Means and Methods of Construction
1.3 SEISMIC USE GROUPS
1.3.1 Seismic Use Group III
1.3.2 Seismic Use Group II
1.3.3 Seismic Use Group I
1.3.4 Multiple Use
1.3.5 Seismic Use Group III Structure Access Protection
1.4 OCCUPANCY IMPORTANCE FACTORS
Chapter 2 Commentary, GLOSSARY AND NOTATIONS
2.1 GLOSSARY
2.2 NOTATIONS
Chapter 3 Commentary, QUALITY ASSURANCE
3.1 SCOPE
3.2 QUALITY ASSURANCE
3.2.1 Details of Quality Assurance Plan
3.2.2 Contractor Responsibility
3.3 SPECIAL INSPECTION
3.3.1 Piers, Piles, Caissons
3.3.2 Reinforcing Steel
3.3.3 Structural Concrete
3.3.4 Prestressed Concrete
3.3.5 Structural Masonry
3.3.6 Structural Steel
3.3.7 Structural Wood
3.3.8 Cold-Formed Steel Framing
3.4 TESTING
3.4.1 Reinforcing and Prestressing Steel
3.4.2 Structural Concrete
3.4.3 Structural Masonry
3.4.4 Structural Steel
3.4.5 Mechanical and Electrical Equipment
3.4.6 Seismically Isolated Structures
3.5 STRUCTURAL OBSERVATIONS
3.6 REPORTING AND COMPLIANCE PROCEDURES
Chapter 4 Commentary, GROUND MOTION
4.1 PROCEDURES FOR DETERMINING MAXIMUM CONSIDERED EARTHQUAKE
AND DESIGN EARTHQUAKE GROUND MOTION ACCELERATIONS AND RESPONSE SPECTRA
4.1.1 Maximum Considered Earthquake Ground Motions
4.1.2 General Procedure for Determining Maximum Considered Earthquake
and Design Spectral Response Accelerations:
4.1.3 Site-Specific Procedure for Determining Ground Motion Accelerations
4.2 SEISMIC DESIGN CATEGORY
4.2.1 Determination of Seismic Design Category
4.2.2 Site Limitation for Seismic Design Categories
E and F
Chapter 5 Commentary, STRUCTURAL DESIGN CRITERIA
5.1 REFERENCE DOCUMENT:
5.2 DESIGN BASIS
5.2.1 General
5.2.2 Basic Seismic-Force-Resisting Systems
5.2.3 Structure Configuration
5.2.4 Redundancy
5.2.5 Structural Analysis
5.2.6 Design and Detailing Requirements
5.2.7 Combination of Load Effects
5.2.8 Deflection and Drift Limits
5.3 INDEX FORCE ANALYSIS PROCEDURE
5.4 EQUIVALENT LATERAL FORCE PROCEDURE
5.4.1 Seismic Base Shear
5.4.2 Period Determination
5.4.3 Vertical Distribution of Seismic Forces
5.4.4 Horizontal Shear Distribution
5.4.5 Overturning
5.4.6 Drift Determination and P-Delta Effects
5.5 MODAL RESPONSE SPECTRUM ANALYSIS PROCEDURE
5.5.1 Modeling
5.5.2 Modes
5.5.3 Modal Properties
5.5.4 Modal Base Shear
5.5.5 Modal Forces, Deflections, and Drifts
5.5.6 Modal Story Shears and Moments
5.5.7 Design Values
5.5.8 Horizontal Shear Distribution
5.5.9 Foundation Overturning
5.5.10 P-Delta Effects
5.6 LINEAR RESPONSE HISTORY ANALYSIS PROCEDURE
5.6.1 Modeling
5.6.2 Ground Motion
5.6.3 Response Parameters
5.7 NONLINEAR RESPONSE HISTORY ANALYSIS
5.7.1 Modeling
5.7.2 Ground Motion and Other Loading
5.7.3 Response Parameters
5.7.4 Design Review
5.8 SOIL-STRUCTURE INTERACTION EFFECTS
5.8.1 General
5.8.2 Equivalent Lateral Force Procedure
Appendix to Chapter 5
NONLINEAR STATIC ANALYSIS
Chapter 6 Commentary, ARCHITECTURAL, MECHANICAL,
AND ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
6.1 GENERAL
6.1.1 References and Standards
6.1.2 Component Force Transfer
6.1.3 Seismic Forces
6.1.4 Seismic Relative Displacements
6.1.5 Component Importance Factor
6.1.6 Component Anchorage
6.1.7 Construction Documents
6.2 ARCHITECTURAL COMPONENT DESIGN
6.2.1 General
6.2.2 Architectural Component Forces and Displacements
6.2.3 Architectural Component
6.2.4 Exterior Nonstructural Wall Elements and Connections
6.2.5 Out-of-Plane-Bending
6.2.6 Suspended Ceilings
6.2.7 Access Floors
6.2.8 Partitions
6.2.9 Steel Storage Racks
6.2.10 Glass in Glazed Curtain Walls, Glazed Storefronts, and Glazed
Partitions 111
6.3 MECHANICAL AND ELECTRICAL COMPONENT DESIGN
6.3.1 General
6.3.2 Mechanical and Electrical Component Forces and Displacements
6.3.3 Mechanical and Electrical Component Period
6.3.4 Mechanical and Electrical Component Attachments
6.3.5 Component Supports
6.3.6 Component Certification
6.3.7 Utility and Service Lines at Structure Interfaces
6.3.8 Site-Specific Considerations
6.3.9 Storage Tanks
6.3.10 HVAC Ductwork
6.3.11 Piping Systems
6.3.12 Boilers and Pressure Vessels
6.3.13 Mechanical Equipment Attachments and Supports
6.3.14 Electrical Equipment Attachments and Supports
6.3.15 Alternate Seismic Qualification Methods
6.3.16 Elevator Design Requirements
Chapter 7 Commentary, FOUNDATION DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
7.1 GENERAL
7.2 STRENGTH OF COMPONENTS AND FOUNDATIONS
7.2.1 Structural Materials
7.2.2 Soil Capacities
7.3 SEISMIC DESIGN CATEGORIES A AND B
7.4 SEISMIC DESIGN CATEGORY C
7.4.1 Investigation
7.4.2 Pole-Type Structures
7.4.3 Foundation Ties
7.4.4 Special Pile Requirements
7.5 SEISMIC DESIGN CATEGORIES D, E, AND F
7.5.1 Investigation
7.5.2 Foundation Ties
7.5.3 Liquefaction Potential and Soil Strength Loss
7.5.4 Special Pile and Grade Beam Requirements
Chapter 8 Commentary, STEEL STRUCTURE DESIGN
REQUIREMENTS
8.1 REFERENCE DOCUMENTS
8.2 SEISMIC REQUIREMENTS FOR STEEL STRUCTURES
8.3 SEISMIC DESIGN CATEGORIES A, B, and C
8.4 SEISMIC DESIGN CATEGORIES D, E, AND F
8.4.1 Modifications to AISC Seismic
8.5 COLD-FORMED STEEL SEISMIC REQUIREMENTS
8.5.1 Modifications to AISI
8.5.2 Modifications to ANSI/ASCE 8-90
8.6 LIGHT-FRAMED WALLS
8.6.1 Boundary Members
8.6.2 Connections
8.6.3 Braced Bay Members
8.6.4 Diagonal Braces
8.6.5 Shear Walls
8.7 SEISMIC REQUIREMENTS FOR STEEL DECK DIAPHRAGMS
8.8 STEEL CABLES
Chapter 9 Commentary, CONCRETE STRUCTURE DESIGN
REQUIREMENTS
9.1 REFERENCE DOCUMENTS
9.1.1 Modifications to ACI 318
9.2 ANCHORING TO CONCRETE
9.2.1 Scope
9.2.2 Notations and Definitions
9.2.3 General Requirements
9.2.4 General Requirements for Strength of Structural Anchors
9.2.5 Design Requirements for Tensile Loading
9.2.6 Design Requirements for Shear Loading
9.2.7 Interaction of Tensile and Shear Forces
9.2.8 Required Edge Distances, Spacings, and Thicknesses to Preclude
Splitting Failure
9.2.9 Installation of Anchors
9.3 CLASSIFICATION OF SHEAR WALLS
9.3.1 Ordinary Plain Concrete Shear Walls
9.3.2 Detailed Plain Concrete Shear Walls
9.4 SEISMIC DESIGN CATEGORY A
9.5 SEISMIC DESIGN CATEGORY B
9.5.1 Ordinary Moment Frames
9.6 SEISMIC DESIGN CATEGORY C
9.6.1 Seismic-Force-Resisting Systems
9.6.2 Discontinuous Members
9.6.3 Plain Concrete
9.6.4 Anchor Bolts in the Tops of Columns
9.7 SEISMIC DESIGN CATEGORIES D, E, OR F
9.7.1 Seismic-Force-Resisting Systems
9.7.2 Frame Members Not Proportioned to Resist Forces Induced by Earthquake
Motions
Appendix to Chapter 9
REINFORCED CONCRETE DIAPHRAGMS CONSTRUCTED USING
UNTOPPED PRECAST CONCRETE ELEMENTS
Chapter 10 Commentary, COMPOSITE STEEL AND
CONCRETE STRUCTURE DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
10.1 REFERENCE DOCUMENTS
10.2 REQUIREMENTS
Chapter 11 Commentary, MASONRY STRUCTURE
DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
11.1 GENERAL
11.1.1 Scope
11.1.2 Reference Documents
11.1.3 Definitions
11.1.4 Notations
11.2 CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS
11.2.1 General
11.2.2 Quality Assurance
11.3 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
11.3.1 Scope
11.3.2 Empirical Masonry Design
11.3.3 Plain (Unreinforced) Masonry Design
11.3.4 Reinforced Masonry Design
11.3.5 Seismic Design Category A
11.3.6 Seismic Design Category B
11.3.7 Seismic Design Category C
11.3.8 Seismic Design Category D
11.3.9 Seismic Design Categories E and F
11.3.10 Properties of Materials
11.3.11 Section Properties
11.3.12 Headed and Bent-Bar Anchor Bolts
11.4 DETAILS OF REINFORCEMENT
11.4.1 General
11.4.2 Size of Reinforcement
11.4.3 Placement Limits for Reinforcement
11.4.4 Cover for Reinforcement
11.4.5 Development of Reinforcement
11.5 STRENGTH AND DEFORMATION REQUIREMENTS
11.5.1 General
11.5.2 Required Strength
11.5.3 Design Strength
11.5.4 Deformation Requirements
11.6 FLEXURE AND AXIAL LOADS
11.6.1 Scope
11.6.2 Design Requirements of Reinforced Masonry Members
11.6.3 Design of Plain (Unreinforced) Masonry Members
11.7 SHEAR
11.7.1 Scope
11.7.2 Shear Strength
11.7.3 Design of Reinforced Masonry Members
11.7.4 Design of Plain (Unreinforced) Masonry Members
11.8 SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS FOR BEAMS
11.9 SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS FOR COLUMNS
11.10 SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS FOR SHEAR WALLS
11.10.1 Ordinary Plain Masonry Shear Walls
11.10.2 Detailed Plain Masonry Shear Walls
11.10.3 Ordinary Reinforced Masonry Shear Walls
11.10.4 Intermediate Reinforced Masonry Shear Walls
11.10.5 Special Reinforced Masonry Shear Walls
11.10.6: Flanged Shear Walls
11.10.7 Coupled Shear Walls
11.11 SPECIAL MOMENT FRAMES OF MASONRY
11.11.1 Calculation of Required Strength
11.11.2 Flexural Yielding
11.11.3 Reinforcement
11.11.4 Wall Frame Beams
11.11.5 Wall Frame Columns
11.11.6 Wall Frame Beam-Column Intersection
11.12 GLASS-UNIT MASONRY AND MASONRY VENEER
11.12.1 Design Lateral Forces and Displacements
11.12.2 Glass-Unit Masonry Design
11.12.3 Masonry Veneer Design
Chapter 12 Commentary, WOOD STRUCTURE DESIGN
REQUIREMENTS
12.1 GENERAL
12.1.1 Scope
12.1.2 Reference Documents
12.1.3 Notations
12.2 DESIGN METHODS
12.2.1 Engineered Wood Design
12.2.2 Conventional Light-Frame Construction
12.3 GENERAL DESIGN REQUIREMENTS FOR ENGINEERED WOOD CONSTRUCTION
12.3.1 General
12.3.2 Shear Resistance Based on Principles of Mechanics
12.3.3 Deformation Compatibility Requirements
12.3.4 Framing Requirements
12.3.5 Sheathing Requirements
12.3.6 Wood Members Resisting Horizontal Seismic Forces Contributed
by Masonry and Concrete
12.4 DIAPHRAGMS AND SHEAR WALLS
12.4.1 Diaphragms
12.4.2 Shear Walls
12.4.3 Perforated Shear Walls
12.5 CONVENTIONAL LIGHT-FRAME CONSTRUCTION
12.5.1 Scope
12.5.2 Braced Walls
12.5.3 Detailing Requirements
12.6 SEISMIC DESIGN CATEGORY A
12.7 SEISMIC DESIGN CATEGORIES B, C, AND D
12.7.1 Conventional Light-Frame Construction
12.7.2 Engineered Construction
12.8 SEISMIC DESIGN CATEGORIES E AND F
12.8.1 Limitations
Chapter 13 Commentary, SEISMICALLY ISOLATED
STRUCTURES DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
13.1 GENERAL
13.2 CRITERIA SELECTION
13.2.1 Basis for Design
13.2.2 Stability of the Isolation System
13.2.3 Seismic Use Group
13.2.4 Configuration Requirements
13.2.5 Selection of Lateral Response Procedure
13.3 EQUIVALENT LATERAL FORCE PROCEDURE
13.3.1 General
13.3.2 Deformation Characteristics of the Isolation System
13.3.3 Minimum Lateral Displacements
13.3.4 Minimum Lateral Forces
13.3.5 Vertical Distribution of Force
13.3.6 Drift Limits
13.4 DYNAMIC LATERAL RESPONSE PROCEDURE
13.4.1 General
13.4.2 Isolation System and Structural Elements Below the Isolation
System
13.4.3 Structural Elements Above the Isolation System
13.4.4 Ground Motion
13.4.5 Mathematical Model
13.4.6 Description of Analysis Procedures
13.4.7 Design Lateral Force
13.5 LATERAL LOAD ON ELEMENTS OF STRUCTURES AND NONSTRUCTURAL COMPONENTS
SUPPORTED BY BUILDINGS
13.5.1 General
13.5.2 Forces and Displacements
13.6 DETAILED SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS
13.6.1 General
13.6.2 Isolation System
13.6.3 Structural System
13.7 FOUNDATIONS
13.8 DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION REVIEW
13.8.1 General
13.8.2 Isolation System
13.9 REQUIRED TESTS OF THE ISOLATION SYSTEM
13.9.1 General
13.9.2 Prototype Tests
13.9.3 Determination of Force-Deflection Characteristics
13.9.4 Test Specimen Adequacy
13.9.5 Design Properties of the Isolation System
Appendix to Chapter 13
STRUCTURES WITH DAMPING SYSTEMS
Chapter 14 Commentary, NONBUILDING STRUCTURE
DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
14.1 GENERAL
14.1.1 Scope
14.2 REFERENCES
14.3 INDUSTRY DESIGN STANDARDS AND RECOMMENDED PRACTICE
14.4 NONBUILDING STRUCTURES SUPPORTED BY OTHER STRUCTURES
14.4.1 Architectural, Mechanical, and Electrical Components
14.5 STRUCTURAL DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
14.5.1 Design Basis
14.5.2 Rigid Nonbuilding Structures
14.5.3 Loads
14.5.4 Fundamental Period
14.5.5 Drift Limitations
14.5.6 Materials Requirements
14.5.7 Deflection Limits and Structure Separation
14.5.8 Site-Specific Response Spectra
14.6 NONBUILDING STRUCTURES SIMILAR TO BUILDINGS
14.6.1 General
14.6.2 Pipe Racks
14.6.3 Steel Storage Racks
14.6.4 Electrical Power Generating Facilities
14.6.5 Structural Towers for Tanks and Vessels
14.6.6 Piers and Wharves
14.7 NONBUILDING STRUCTURES NOT SIMILAR TO BUILDINGS
14.7.1 General
14.7.2 Earth Retaining Structures
14.7.3 Tanks and Vessels
14.7.4 Stacks and Chimneys
14.7.5 Amusement Structures
14.7.6 Special Hydraulic Structures
14.7.7 Secondary Containment Systems
Appendix to Chapter 14
ELECTRICAL TRANSMISSION, SUBSTATION, AND DISTRIBUTION STRUCTURES
APPENDICES
Commentary Appendix A, DEVELOPMENT OF MAXIMUM CONSIDERED EARTHQUAKE
GROUND MOTION MAPS 1 THROUGH 24
Commentary Appendix B, DEVELOPMENT OF THE USGS SEISMIC MAPS
THE COUNCIL: ITS PURPOSE AND ACTIVITIES
BSSC MEMBER ORGANIZATIONS
BUILDING SEISMIC SAFETY COUNCIL PUBLICATIONS
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